Sitasiyo y'ibanze ni iki?
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, amakuru nk'aya yakunze kugaragara rimwe na rimwe:
Ba nyir'amazu barwanyije iyubakwa rya sitasiyo z'ibanze banaca insinga z'amashanyarazi ku giti cyabo, maze abakora ibikorwa bitatu bikomeye bakorana kugira ngo basenye sitasiyo zose z'ibanze muri pariki.
Ndetse no ku baturage basanzwe, muri iki gihe, igihe interineti igendanwa imaze kwinjira mu bice byose by'ubuzima, bazaba bafite ubwenge busanzwe: ibimenyetso bya telefoni zigendanwa bitangwa na sitasiyo za base. None se sitasiyo ya base isa ite?
Sisitemu yuzuye ya sitasiyo igizwe na BBU, RRU na sisitemu yo gutanga antene (antenna).
Muri byo, BBU (Base band Unite, baseband processing unit) ni cyo gikoresho cy’ingenzi cyane muri sitasiyo y’ibanze. Muri rusange gishyirwa mu cyumba cya mudasobwa cyihishe kandi ntigishobora kubonwa n’abaturage basanzwe. BBU ifite inshingano zo gutunganya ibimenyetso n’amakuru y’umuyoboro w’ibanze n’abakoresha. Porogaramu na algorithms bigoye cyane mu itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa byose bishyirwa muri BBU. Ndetse bishobora no kuvugwa ko sitasiyo y’ibanze ari BBU.
Ukurikije uko bigaragara, BBU isa cyane n'agasanduku k'ibanze ka mudasobwa yo kuri mudasobwa, ariko mu by'ukuri, BBU isa na seriveri yihariye (aho kuba iy'ibikoresho rusange). Imirimo yayo y'ingenzi ikorwa n'ubwoko bubiri. Utubaho tw'ingenzi dukorwa n'akabaho k'ibanze n'akabaho k'ibanze.
Ishusho iri hejuru ni ishusho ya BBU. Bigaragara neza ko hari imyanya 8 isa n'iy'agasanduku muri BBU, kandi ikibaho cy'ibanze n'ikibaho cy'ibanze bishobora gushyirwa muri iyo myanya, hamwe n'ikibaho cya BBU. Hagomba gushyirwamo ibibaho byinshi by'ingenzi n'ibibaho by'ibanze, ahanini bitewe n'ubushobozi bw'ikibaho cy'ibanze kugira ngo gifungurwe. Uko ibibaho byinshi bishyirwamo, ni ko ubushobozi bw'ikibaho cy'ibanze buba bwinshi, kandi abakoresha benshi bashobora gukorerwa icyarimwe.
Akanama gashinzwe kugenzura gashinzwe gutunganya ibimenyetso (RRC signaling) bivuye ku muyoboro mukuru na telefoni igendanwa y'umukoresha, gashinzwe guhuza no guhuza umuyoboro mukuru, kandi gashinzwe kwakira amakuru yo guhuza GPS n'amakuru yo gushyira ibintu aho biri.
RRU (Remote Radio Unit) yashyizwe mu ishusho ya BBU. Yahoze yitwa RFU (Radio Frequency Unit). Ikoreshwa mu guhindura ikimenyetso cya baseband cyavanywe ku rubuga rwa baseband binyuze muri fibre optique kikajya mu murongo wa frequency ufitwe n'umukoresha. Ikimenyetso cya frequency yo hejuru cyoherezwa kuri antene binyuze muri feeder. Nyuma, kubera ko igihombo cya feeder cyagaragaye ko ari kinini cyane, niba RFU iri mu ishusho ya BBU igashyirwa mu cyumba cy'imashini, kandi antene imanikwa ku munara uri kure, intera yo kohereza feeder iba iri kure cyane kandi igihombo ni kinini cyane, bityo kuramo RFU gusa. Koresha fibre optique (igihombo cya optique fiber transmission ni gito) kugira ngo umanike ku munara hamwe na antene, bityo iba RRU, ari yo radiyo iri kure.
Amaherezo, antene abantu bose babona cyane mu mihanda no mu tuyira two mu mujyi ni antene yohereza ikimenyetso cy’umugozi. Uko antene ya LTE cyangwa 5G ikora cyane, ni ko amakuru ashobora koherezwa icyarimwe, kandi ni ko umubare w’amakuru urushaho kwiyongera.
Kuri antene za 4G, hashobora gukorwa ibyuma bigenga bigera kuri 8 bya transceiver, bityo hari imikoranire 8 hagati ya RRU na antene. Imirongo 8 iri munsi ya RRU ifite imiyoboro 8 igaragara neza ku ishusho iri hejuru, mu gihe ishusho iri hepfo igaragaza ko ari antene ifite imiyoboro 8 ifite imiyoboro 8.
Imirongo 8 iri kuri RRU igomba guhuzwa n'imirongo 8 iri kuri antene binyuze mu byuma 8 bitanga amakuru, bityo insinga z'umukara zishobora kugaragara ku giti cya antene.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-01-2021