Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya sisitemu ya sitasiyo ya 5G na 4G?
1. RRU na antene byashyizwe hamwe (byamaze kugaragara)
5G ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rikomeye rya MIMO (reba amasomo y’ubumenyi bw’ibanze ya 5G ku bantu bafite akazi kenshi (6) - MIMO ikomeye: Umwicanyi nyawe ukomeye wa 5G n’amasomo y’ubumenyi bw’ibanze ya 5G ku bantu bafite akazi kenshi (8) - NSA cyangwa SA? Iki ni ikibazo gikwiye kwitabwaho), antene ikoreshwa ifite ibikoresho byigenga bya transceiver bigera kuri 64.
Kubera ko nta buryo bwo gushyiramo ibikoresho 64 munsi ya antene no kumanika ku giti, abakora ibikoresho bya 5G bahuje RRU na antene mu gikoresho kimwe - AAU (Active Antenna Unit).
Nkuko bigaragara ku izina, A ya mbere muri AAU isobanura RRU (RRU irakora kandi ikeneye umuriro kugira ngo ikore, mu gihe antene idakora kandi ishobora gukoreshwa nta muriro), naho AU ya nyuma isobanura antene.
Ishusho ya AAU isa neza na antene isanzwe. Hagati ku ifoto iri hejuru hari 5G AAU, naho ibumoso n'iburyo ni antene zisanzwe za 4G. Ariko, niba uciye AAU:
Urashobora kubona imbere ibikoresho byigenga bya transceiver, birumvikana ko umubare wose ari 64.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza fibre optique hagati ya BBU na RRU (AAU) ryavuguruwe (ryamaze gushyirwa mu bikorwa)
Mu miyoboro ya 4G, BBU na RRU bigomba gukoresha fibre optique kugira ngo bihuzwe, kandi igipimo ngenderwaho cyo kohereza ikimenyetso cya radiyo muri fibre optique cyitwa CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface).
CPRI yohereza amakuru y'abakoresha hagati ya BBU na RRU muri 4G kandi nta kibazo kirimo. Ariko, muri 5G, bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga nka Massive MIMO, ubushobozi bw'akaremangingo kamwe ka 5G bushobora kugera ku nshuro zirenga 10 z'ubwa 4G, bingana na BBU na AAU. Igipimo cy'amakuru hagati y'itumanaho kigomba kugera ku nshuro zirenga 10 z'ubwa 4G.
Iyo ukomeje gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya CPRI risanzwe, umuvuduko w'umuyoboro wa optique na module optique uziyongeraho inshuro N, kandi igiciro cya module optique na module optique nacyo kiziyongera inshuro nyinshi. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo bazigame ikiguzi, abacuruza ibikoresho byitumanaho bavuguruye protocole ya CPRI kuri eCPRI. Iri vugurura ryoroshye cyane. Mu byukuri, node yo kohereza CPRI yimurwa kuva ku gice cy'umwimerere n'umuvuduko wa radiyo by'umwimerere ikajya ku gice cy'umubiri, kandi urwego rusanzwe rugabanyijemo urwego rwo hejuru n'urwego rwo hasi rw'umubiri.
3. Gutandukanya BBU: gutandukanya CU na DU (ntibizashoboka igihe runaka)
Mu gihe cya 4G, sitasiyo ya BBU ifite imikorere yombi yo kugenzura (cyane cyane kuri board nini igenzura) ndetse n'imikorere yo gukoresha board (board nini igenzura n'board ya baseband). Hari ikibazo:
Buri sitasiyo igenzura ihererekanya ryayo ry’amakuru kandi ishyira mu bikorwa algorithme zayo. Muri rusange nta guhuza hagati yayo. Niba imikorere y’igenzura, ni ukuvuga imikorere y’ubwonko, ishobora gukurwaho, sitasiyo nyinshi zirashobora kugenzurwa icyarimwe kugira ngo habeho ihererekanya ry’amakuru n’ibangamira. Ubufatanye, ese imikorere yo kohereza amakuru izaba iri hejuru cyane?
Muri network ya 5G, turashaka kugera ku ntego zavuzwe haruguru ducamo BBU, kandi imikorere yo kugenzura ihuriweho ni CU (Centralized Unit), kandi sitasiyo y'ibanze ifite imikorere yo kugenzura itandukanyijwe isigara gusa kugira ngo itunganywe kandi yoherezwe amakuru. Umurimo uba DU (Distributed Unit), bityo sisitemu y'ibanze ya sitasiyo ya 5G iba:
Mu buryo bw'imiterere aho CU na DU bitandukanyijwe, umuyoboro w'itumanaho nawo wahinduwe uko bikwiye. Igice cy'imbere cyimuwe hagati ya DU na AAU, naho umuyoboro w'imbere wongerwamo hagati ya CU na DU.
Ariko, igitekerezo cyiza ni kinini cyane, kandi ukuri ni kugufi cyane. Gutandukanya CU na DU bikubiyemo ibintu nko gushyigikira uruhererekane rw'inganda, gusana ibyumba bya mudasobwa, kugura abakoresha, nibindi. Ntabwo bizagerwaho igihe gito. 5G BBU iriho ubu iracyameze ityo, kandi ntaho ihuriye na 4G BBU.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-01-2021